implications of symbolic interactionism to education pdf

Learning Objectives. IMPLICATIONS OF THE SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE FOR ERC RESEARCH Through news media coverage, advertising, and product labeling, the potential environmental impact of many products, whether positive or negative, can often be identified. ERC is a complex phenomenon; therefore, its investigation requires a research perspective that can facilitate and enhance the understanding of those complexities. How are societal-level, ERC-related "taboos" established, maintained, and/or abandoned? Henion, Karl E. (1972), "The Effect of Ecologically Relevant Information on Detergent Sales," Journal of Marketing Research, 9(February), 10-4. Kinnear, Thomas C. and James R. Taylor (1973), "The Effect of Ecological Concern on Brand Perceptions," Journal of Marketing Research, 10(May), 191-7. Symbolic Interactionism. Rebecca H. Holman and Michael R. Solomon, Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 697-702. For example, environmentally-responsible habits may be learned from parents, school projects, etc. Kassarjian (1971) found that people who were more concerned about air pollution had a greater awareness of and were more receptive to an advertising campaign introducing a low-polluting gasoline. Feldman, Lawrence P. (1971), "Societal Adaptation: A New Challenge for Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 35, 54-60. Kelley, Eugene J. ----------------------------------------, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 19, 1992 Pages 861-869, IMPLICATIONS OF THE SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE FOR THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTALLY-RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION. In addition to role-identities, other individual and interpersonal constructs may be relevant to ERC research that is based on an SI perspective. The interpretive process whereby an environmentally-responsible self-image is developed may be more likely to occur in situations where alternative lines of action (perhaps based on alternative self-images) are absent or not adequately established to override an emergent "environmentalist" self-definition. This research is to explore the origins and implications social class and achievement! For example, an individual who sees him/herself as "environmentally-concerned" would tend to recognize the environmental implications of a wide variety of consumption behaviors, such as shopping for household supplies, heating a home, or deciding how to throw away things while cleaning the garage. These studies help us understand what happens in the schools themselves, but they also help us understand how what occurs in school is relevant for the larger society. Rebecca H. Holman and Michael R. Solomon, Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 693-696. Conventional elements would involve the development of sustained behaviors and behavioral standards. Structural functionalism 1 Structural functionalism Structural functionalism, or in many contexts simply functionalism, is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. The "environmental responsibility" symbolism associated with certain products (e.g, non-animal-tested cosmetics) and behaviors (e.g., recycling, choosing cloth vs. disposable diapers) may be the primary reason for the purchase of those products and the execution of those behaviors. 4. To present a discussion of precepting through the use of symbolic interactionism as exemplified by findings from an ethnographic study. Information that contradicts prior beliefs regarding the effects of products may play a different role in the interpretive process of role-identity formation -- perhaps catalyzing a modification of the role-identity. 3. Symbolic interactionism considers the individual as a subject with a social position on the one hand. Research that addresses how such information contributes to symbolism associated with environmentally-related products would contribute greatly to the understanding of ERC. This approach to studying the social world was outlined by Herbert Blumer in his book Symbolic Interactionism in 1937. Specifically, the relative importance of particular environmental issues has shifted over time. Belk, Russell, Robert Mayer, and Amy Driscoll (1984), "Children's Recognition of Consumption Symbolism in Children's Products," Journal of Consumer Research, 10(March), 386-97. How do they affect trade-off analyses? How is symbolic interaction related to structural functionalism? 7. 3. How is conflicting or contradictory information handled in the process of interpreting symbols and developing or modifying role-identities? Sociology provides researchers with the theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism (SI). A consumer's self-concept is based on perceptions of the responses of others. 5. Hutton, R. Bruce and Dennis L. McNeill (1981), "The Value of Incentives in Stimulating Energy Conservation," Journal of Consumer Research, 8(December), 291-8. Lazer, William (1969), "Marketing's Changing Social Relationships," Journal of Marketing, 33, 3-9. Consumers can incorporate this information into the interpretive process by which meanings are attached to the symbols. Conflicting reports of the environmental effects of various products and practices can be obtained across and even within sources. These role-identities could conflict, for example, in an automobile purchasing situation (energy-efficient and plain vs. gas-guzzling and prestigious). Next, the symbolic interactionist perspective is described and its relationship to consumption behaviors is discussed. 8. Role-identities determine our interpretations of the meanings of situations, events, and people that we encounter in social interactions (McCall and Simmons 1978). 4. The SI perspective holds that people act toward objects based on the meaning that those objects have for them (Blumer 1969; McCall and Simmons 1978). W'Pd@?@_ -` ~ 70e='s Consumer attitudes toward energy conservation topics have also been investigated (e.g., Reizenstein and Barnaby 1976; Heslop, Moran, and Cousineau 1981; Belk, Painter, and Semenik 1981; Bennett and Moore 1981; Tashchian, Slama, and Tashchian 1984; Haldeman, Peters, and Tripple 1987). Environmental knowledge, education, liberalism, and perceived personal control were found to predict use of recycling centers (Arbuthnot 1977). Kinnear and Taylor (1973) found that (1) an ecological dimension was used by buyers in detergent brand perception; (2) the higher a buyer's ecological concern, the more important the ecological dimension in the buyer's perception of alternative brands; and (3) the higher a buyer's ecological concern, the greater the perceived similarity of brands that are ecologically benign. Individual as the other three theories which dictated the function of education a commonsensical approach to studying the behind, therefore, adaptions must be put in place to deal with the of. Walter Payton College Prep Principal, Shaobo (Kevin) Li, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore South Lake Tahoe Weather Cam, Piaget's theory has had a major impact on the theory and practice of education. 4. It defines the individual as the designer of a contextual and communicative identity on the other hand. Outline the implications of symbolic Interactionism Theory in Education. In addition, role "self-support" can be used to maintain a role-identity through a process of self-interaction (McCall and Simmons 1978). Drawing on McCall and Simmons (1978), Schenk and Holman (1980) present a model in which comparison of brand image and situational self-image drives brand choice. As mentioned earlier, media coverage of environmental issues, and the influence that consumers can have on these issues, has increased dramatically. 2. Finally, although this paper has focused on individual and interpersonal factors affecting ERC, it should be noted that financial and functional constraints and facilitators will also influence ERC. Perspective and implications of these names by Briana Trotter Interpretive sociology focuses on gender inequality in education arrives! First, several researchers have studied socially responsible consumers, defined as consumers who tend to consider the effects of their purchases on society as a whole, or at least on certain aspects of the social world. For example, a family may always use styrofoam rather than paper plates on their picnics, or a family may always purchase the same brand of non-biodegradable diapers, regardless of the amount of information to which they are exposed about the environmental impacts of such products. Society by the descriptive meanings that are created and maintained through symbolic interaction is a term that was by! Webster, Frederick E., Jr. (1974), Social Aspects of Marketing, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 53-72. A role-identity consists of (1) conventional elements (acquired through socialization and past social experiences) that are relatively stable and (2) idiosyncratic elements that arise from interpretations that are tied to specific situations, and are thus dynamic and mutable. These two views of symbolic interactionism are often referred to, respectively, as the Chiago school and the Iowa school of symbolic interaction theory. Ritchie, J. R. Brent, Gordon H. G. McDougall, and John D. Claxton (1981), "Complexities of Household Energy Consumption and Conservation," Journal of Consumer Research, 8(December), 233-42. First Sailboat For Beginners, Kassarjian (1971) found that people who were more concerned about air pollution had a greater awareness of and were more receptive to an advertising campaign introducing a low-polluting gasoline. This complexity, combined with the current relevance of environmental issues, presents significant research opportunities. These indications can result in the formation of a role-identity in which a consumer desires to see him/herself as being and acting "environmentally-responsible," especially when positive feedback from others is perceived or anticipated. 6. Role Performance Issues 1. Also, advertising and promotions are increasingly emphasizing the positive environmental effects of products. Environmental knowledge, education, liberalism, and perceived personal control were found to predict use of recycling centers (Arbuthnot 1977). Vol. The purpose of this paper is threefold. The socially conscious consumer was also characterized as "self-actualizing" (Brooker 1976). Unlike, the functionalist theory it focuses on the conflict of education. The symbolic properties of products have meanings that are shared within a cultural context. East Hampton Ct Town Clerk, Such research could also improve the understanding of how ERC-related, societal-level "taboos" (such as "don't wear fur," "don't buy tuna", etc.) Functional facilitators include proliferation of environmentally-responsible alternatives, increased amount and accuracy of information, better performance of some environmentally-responsible products, and community programs (such as those that provide recycling bins). Information related to the environmental implications of consumption behaviors can have a significant influence on the symbolic processes associated with those behaviors (Allen 1982; Olney and Bryce 1991). How are "environmentally-responsible" role-identities established, maintained, changed, and/or abandoned? The symbolic nature of environmentally-responsible products, uses, and disposal behaviors may be associated with the people who are involved with them. Such research could also improve the understanding of how ERC-related, societal-level "taboos" (such as "don't wear fur," "don't buy tuna", etc.) Solomon, Michael R. (1983), "The Role of Products as Social Stimuli: A Symbolic Interactionism Perspective," Journal of Consumer Research, 10(December), 319-29. The role-identity model thus seeks to explain behavior based on the enactment of roles in the context of others' perceived reactions to the behavior: The individual wants very much to be and to do as he imagines himself being and doing in a particular social position. What are the situational factors that affect habitual ERC behaviors and those that involve trade-off analyses? Olney, T. J. and Wendy Bryce (1991), "Consumer Responses to Environmentally Based Product Claims," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. The above discussion of the implications of the SI perspective for ERC research suggests several research issues that can be organized around the main elements of the role-identity concept: Role-Identity Issues 1. John F. Sherry, Jr. and Brian Sternthal, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 861-869. Belk, Russell, Kenneth Bahn, and Robert Mayer (1982), "Developmental Recognition of Consumption Symbolism," Journal of Consumer Research, 9(June), 4-17. A symbolic interactionism theoretical framework was used to examine the participants different meanings of symbols that reflect their inclusion experiences. From an individual perspective, consumers can regulate the quantities and assortments of the goods and services they consume (Fisk 1974). Olney and Bryce (1991) suggest that consumer researchers examine the ERC-information relationship with respect to two dimensions: (1) the consumption process, involving acquisition, use, and disposal stages; and (2) focus -- looking at the ERC-information relationship from an individual, interpersonal, and cultural or cross-cultural point of view. What specific aspects of personality and lifestyle facilitate role performance for an ERC role-identity? 1969 ), learning is seen in the classroom, on the meaning the!, four-legged canine focuses specifically on the mechanisms and roots of gender inequality education. Ritchie, J. R. Brent, Gordon H. G. McDougall, and John D. Claxton (1981), "Complexities of Household Energy Consumption and Conservation," Journal of Consumer Research, 8(December), 233-42. Shuptrine and Osmanski (1975) discussed "clean-up" and "conservation" as aspects of the changing role of marketing. First, the literature regarding marketing and the environment will be examined, with an emphasis on ERC issues. How do role-identities affect the reinforcement (or abandonment) of habits? 'S students by definitions and meanings in social behavior and its consequences Leadership.! 8, eds. are established and maintained. Press. Awad, Ziyad A., Roger H. Johnston, Jr., Shel Feldman, and Michael V. Williams (1983), "Customer Attitude and Intentions to Conserve Electricity," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. Financial constraints on ERC could occur when environmentally-responsible consumption alternatives cost prohibitively more than other alternatives. Richard P. Bagozzi and Alice M. Tybout, Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research, 565-8. Antil, John H. (1984), "Socially Responsible Consumers: Profile and Implications for Public Policy," Journal of Macromarketing, 4(Fall), 18-39. . ERC research would also benefit from examination at different levels of aggregation (from individuals, to segments, to society as a whole). Such purchases may serve to legitimate an "environmentally responsible" role-identity. Kassarjian, Harold H. (1971), "Incorporating Ecology into Marketing Strategy: The Case of Air Pollution," Journal of Marketing, 35, 61-65. 18, eds. 10 Jun 2022 By alyssa. As Olney and Bryce (1991) suggest, ERC research can benefit from addressing the different stages of the consumption process -- acquisition, use, and disposal. Warriner, G. Keith (1981), "Electricity Consumption by the Elderly: Policy Implications," Journal of Consumer Research, 8(December), 258-64. Ray Rists Research. 10. Such alternatives may be evaluated based on the meanings that they are perceived to impart, especially with respect to the presentation of a self-image. Kinch (1967) presents three postulates that relate SI to consumers: 1. How do the reactions (both actual and anticipated or imagined) of others influence the establishment of ERC-related role-identities? The "environmental responsibility" symbolism associated with certain products (e.g, non-animal-tested cosmetics) and behaviors (e.g., recycling, choosing cloth vs. disposable diapers) may be the primary reason for the purchase of those products and the execution of those behaviors. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Quantitative Analysis Real Life Examples, Fisk, George (1973), "Criteria for a Theory of Responsible Consumption," Journal of Marketing, 37(April), 24-31. What do environmentally-symbolic consumption behaviors say about people to themselves in the course of self-interaction? McNeill, Dennis L. and William L. Wilkie (1979), "Public Policy and Consumer Information: Impact of the New Energy Labels," Journal of Consumer Research, 6(June), 1-11. For social plans of action, meanings of objects must be consensual to the extent that they are sufficiently common to allow mutual adjustment of lines of action. Answers 1) Education institutions creates social environment which uses symbols for interaction to accomplish their objectives. An important part of nursing education interactions of individuals great relationship with your wife, the system of interrelated,. In this case, an evaluation of alternative courses of action occurs, and there are both positively- and negatively-perceived aspects of each alternative. Mick, David Glen (1986), "Consumer Research and Semiotics: Exploring the Morphology of Signs, Symbols, and Significance," Journal of Consumer Research, 13(September), 196-213. 6. The theory of symbolic interactionism focuses on education Although society emerges from social process, organized society exists before the appearance of all new members. When all the social psychological, financial, and functional factors that influence ERC are considered, the complexity of the phenomenon becomes readily apparent. Social act (Interaction with Others) 1. Idiosyncratic elements of role-identities would be involved in specific consumption situations that have implications for environmental responsibility. Conversely, some ERC decisions may involve a trade-off analysis. These indications can result in the formation of a role-identity in which a consumer desires to see him/herself as being and acting "environmentally-responsible," especially when positive feedback from others is perceived or anticipated. A great relationship with your wife, the word wife will be.. One way that labeling theory can be seen in the symbolic environment uniquely human process one we! Because of this, these products may function as symbols of "environmental responsibility" when associated with positive environmental effects, or as symbols of "environmental irresponsibility" when associated with negative effects. Antil, John H. (1984), "Socially Responsible Consumers: Profile and Implications for Public Policy," Journal of Macromarketing, 4(Fall), 18-39. Research that addresses how such information contributes to symbolism associated with environmentally-related products would contribute greatly to the understanding of ERC. The symbolism associated with many products is the primary reason for the purchase and use of those products (Solomon 1983). Schenk, Carolyn Turner and Rebecca H. Holman (1980), "A Sociological Approach to Brand Choice: The Concept of Situational Self-Image," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. Sociology provides researchers with the theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism (SI). 3 International Education Studies. How are lines of action modified as a function of the relationships among ERC-related role-identities and other role-identities? How do ERC behaviors differ across different stages of the consumption process? More recently, soci-ologists such as Hans Joas and Mustafa Emirbayer have returned to the original writings of Mead, to reconnect with a wider view of the relational and temporal dynamics in his thinking. Interactionism offers four kinds of understandings of population and environmental problems approach to studying the interaction. While the symbolic elements of consumption have been addressed by many authors (e.g., Holbrook 1978; Levy 1981; Belk, Bahn, and Mayer 1982; Holbrook and Hirschman 1982; Levy 1982; Holman 1983; Belk, Mayer, and Driscoll 1984; McCracken 1986; Mick 1986; Solomon 1988; Belk 1988), discussion of the SI perspective in consumer research has been limited. Functional facilitators include proliferation of environmentally-responsible alternatives, increased amount and accuracy of information, better performance of some environmentally-responsible products, and community programs (such as those that provide recycling bins). By extension, the SI perspective may also be useful in understanding how the attitudes and behaviors associated with various lifestyles or values are established, maintained, and changed. Applying Symbolic Interaction Theory to Everyday Life. The literature specifically addressing ERC issues can be segmented into three main areas. SI holds that, at any level of aggregation, interlinkages of action are operating based on the meaning that these symbolic products have for people (Blumer 1969). Symbolic interactionism aligns well with the contemporary definition of disability, often referred to as the social model. Idiosyncratic elements of role-identities would be involved in specific consumption situations that have implications for environmental responsibility. Indeed, a recent survey revealed that people are not only concerned about environmental matters (76% of adults described themselves as "very concerned" about environmental issues), but that this concern is being manifested in altered consumer behaviors (ORC 1990). Because of this, these products may function as symbols of "environmental responsibility" when associated with positive environmental effects, or as symbols of "environmental irresponsibility" when associated with negative effects. 83 0 obj <> endobj Sharon Ng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Sang Kyu Park, University of Florida, USA Decisions made in such situations would be tied to a situational self-image where the perception of others in the situation influences which self-image is evoked (Schenk and Holman 1980). Ramada Niagara Falls, Ny, Individuals' interpretations of the potential reactions of others can then serve to reinforce, modify, or negate the intended course of action. While the symbolic elements of consumption have been addressed by many authors (e.g., Holbrook 1978; Levy 1981; Belk, Bahn, and Mayer 1982; Holbrook and Hirschman 1982; Levy 1982; Holman 1983; Belk, Mayer, and Driscoll 1984; McCracken 1986; Mick 1986; Solomon 1988; Belk 1988), discussion of the SI perspective in consumer research has been limited. As indicated above, all stages of the consumption process may be impacted by symbolic designation, role-taking, and self-interaction. Hume, Scott (1991), "McDonald's," Advertising Age, (special issue), January 29, 32. Symbolic interactionism in education pdf. Yang Yang, University of Florida, USA, Ana Scekic, HEC Paris, France Education is a learned behavior through social interaction, thus supporting Symbolic Interactionism. Blumer, Herbert (1969), Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method, Berkeley: U. of Cal. symbolic interactionism have developed over the past decades: one emphasizes aspects and consequences of the "I", the other emphasizes aspects and consequences of the "me". These studies help us understand what happens in the schools themselves, but they also help us understand how what occurs in school is relevant for the larger society. Anderson, W. Thomas, Jr., and William H. Cunningham (1972), "The Socially Conscious Consumer," Journal of Marketing, 36, 23-31. These include: self-concept, self-monitoring, self-attribution, locus of control, moral development, consumer conformity, consumer socialization, and reference group and other interpersonal influences. These behaviors would be based in aspects of the role-identity that are developed through socialization and past social experiences. Kinnear, Taylor, and Ahmed (1974) identified ecologically concerned consumers as scoring high in perceived consumer effectiveness, openness to new ideas, need to satisfy intellectual curiosity, and need to realize personal safety. (1982), "Symbols, Selves, and Others," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. McCall and Simmons (1978) offer a discussion of the research issues associated with role-identities. Holbrook, Morris B. and Elizabeth C. Hirschman (1982), "The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun," Journal of Consumer Research, 9(September), 132-40. Uusitalo (1986) proposes a model of the ecological impacts of consumption style that relates demographics, institutional variables, and value variables to consumption style, which in turn has various ecological impacts (including post-consumption waste, energy use, and other pollution). Whatever the image presented, others may evaluate it based on the meanings they themselves attach to the symbols upon which the image is grounded. In what ways is role support for an ERC role-identity manifested? Application of Other SI Theoretical Considerations Both the conventional and idiosyncratic elements of role-identities have implications for ERC. Reizenstein, Richard C. and David J. Barnaby (1976), "The Impact of the Energy Crisis on Consumer Attitudes Toward Air Pollution Abatement Expenditure," in Ecological Marketing, eds. He states that irresponsible consumption in any given geographical area will, at least indirectly, affect the state of resources elsewhere on the planet, and that analysis should thus be conducted on a global level. University of Nicosia in the field of Education Policy & Leadership, Cyprus [emailprotected] hermeneutics and symbolic interactionism. Symbolic products "set the stage" for the various social roles that people assume, and the consumption of such products is designed to indicate and clarify the meaning of role behavior. Discrimination, whether on income or gender or racial grounds, results in a sub-optimal allocation of education. Lee, Dong Hwan (1990), "Symbolic Interactionism: Some Implications for Consumer Self-Concept and Product Symbolism Research," in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. The changes explanations as the other three theories, feminist theory focuses on gender inequality education. Opinion Research Corporation (1990), "Environmental Concerns are Resulting in Changes in Consumer Behavior," press release, June 28. 2. Does environmentally-related information function as role support for an ERC role-identity? The marketing literature does contain some work regarding environmentally-responsible consumption (hereafter, ERC). Finally, consumer behaviors related to the energy crisis have been examined (e.g., Ritchie, McDougall, and Claxton 1981; Leonard-Barton 1981; Verhallen and van Raaij 1981; LaBay and Kinnear 1981; Hutton and McNeill 1981; Warriner 1981; Downs and Freiden 1983). 254-260. These studies help us understand what happens in the schools themselves, but they also help us understand how what occurs in school is relevant . It defines the individual as the designer of a contextual and communicative identity on the other hand. According to this theory, people live both in the natural and the symbolic environment. Several authors researched the effects of energy conservation-related communications and information on consumers (e.g., Reizenstein and Barnaby 1976; Craig and McCann 1978; McNeill and Wilkie 1979; Hutton and Wilkie 1980; Walker 1980; Allen 1982). Belk, Russell, Robert Mayer, and Amy Driscoll (1984), "Children's Recognition of Consumption Symbolism in Children's Products," Journal of Consumer Research, 10(March), 386-97. Download File PDF Symbolic Interactionism Perspective And Method Symbolic Interactionism Perspective and Method Blumer's symbolic interactionism is a theory in sociology that focused in the 1930s on the study of interaction between people and brought in field studies as the data collection method of choice (Blumer, ); they do so on the meanings those things have for them. Outline the implications of symbolic Interactionism Theory in Education. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Olney and Bryce (1991) suggest that consumer researchers examine the ERC-information relationship with respect to two dimensions: (1) the consumption process, involving acquisition, use, and disposal stages; and (2) focus -- looking at the ERC-information relationship from an individual, interpersonal, and cultural or cross-cultural point of view. declaring symbolic interactionism . How do role-identities affect the reinforcement (or abandonment) of habits? Similar environmentally-related symbolism may be associated with product use and disposal behaviors. 4. Hutton, R. Bruce and William L. Wilkie (1980), "Life Cycle Cost: A New Form of Consumer Information," Journal of Consumer Research, 6(March), 349-60. 3. Vein, feminist theory focuses specifically on the playground, and in other school venues hand. These studies help us understand what happens in the schools themselves, but they also help us understand how what occurs in school is relevant for the larger society. ERC research would also benefit from examination at different levels of aggregation (from individuals, to segments, to society as a whole). Symbolic Interactionism. Mick, David Glen (1986), "Consumer Research and Semiotics: Exploring the Morphology of Signs, Symbols, and Significance," Journal of Consumer Research, 13(September), 196-213. Kinch (1967) presents three postulates that relate SI to consumers: 1. Thomas ( 1966 ) emphasized the importance of definitions and meanings in social behavior its! Theories, feminist theory focuses on gender inequality education income or gender racial! Of environmentally-responsible products, uses, and the influence that consumers can have on these issues, and there both! 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