copper phthalocyanine solubility

2011 Nov;11(11):9745-8. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5209. Such compounds are prepared by treating CuPc with chlorine, bromine or oleum. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology FOIA Water crowding at hydrophilic sulfonyl/salt groups, Multimode sensing and detection limits. Investigation of gas-sensing properties of copper phthalocyanine films. Its brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes. The extensive delocalization of the -electrons affords the molecule useful properties, lending itself to applications in dyes and pigments. Exposure controlsAppropriate engineering controlsGeneral industrial hygiene practice.Personal protective equipmentEye/face protectionUse equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriategovernment standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protectionHandle with gloves. Woollam Co. M-2000 ellipsometer. It is a transparent staining color and can be applied using glazing techniques. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6496, USA, Eric S. Muckley,Christopher B. Jacobs,Keith Vidal,Nickolay V. Lavrik,Bobby G. Sumpter&Ilia N. Ivanov, Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 444 Greve Hall, 821 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN, 37996-3394, USA, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, You can also search for this author in The results demonstrate that utilization of dynamic sensing modes can be used to maximize RH sensor resolution over a wide humidity range. The humidity level was measured by continuous monitoring of the pressure of the H2O vapor inside the vacuum chamber. Similar behavior is observed in , which shows contributions from at least 3 components (Fig. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Reference to other sectionsFor disposal see section 13. The initial overshoot in QCM response is related to stress on the crystal caused by the sudden pressure change. The site is secure. Under constant humidity conditions, \([{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{ad}]\,\,\)is constant and can be absorbed into a new rate constant k This improvement and the solubility of TSCuPc in water arises from the sulfonic acid group substituents, which have a significant influence on film formation and OPV device behavior. Error bars are propagated double exponential fitting errors. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10401-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10401-2. 19. All major artists' pigment manufacturers produce variants of copper phthalocyanine, designated color index PB15 (blue) and color indexes PG7 and PG36 (green). The behavior of \({k}_{1-1}\) and \(\,{k}_{1-2}\) resembles the trend in \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\) (Fig. Careers. While the concentration of component-3 remains relatively constant throughout the measured RH range, the component-2 fraction increases sharply at RH 60%. Lines show exponential fits. Harrington, D. A. DOT (US)Not dangerous goodsIMDGNot dangerous goodsIATANot dangerous goods. The DC resistance increases linearly with mass during H2O adsorption (FigureS8). While optical response of sulfonated phthalocyanines has been well-studied in solution, less information is available about water interaction with solid films15, 19. Your email address will not be stored! Phase Transition of Graphene-Templated Vertical Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanopillars. this website. [40], The compound is non-biodegradable, but not toxic to fish or plants. 6, 138163 (1961). Electrochimica Acta 39, 728732 (2007). It is mainly used for coloring paint, ink, plastic, rubber, lacquer cloth and stationery. 517, 20162022 (2009). 1537375 Copper phthalocyanines BASF AG 13 Feb 1976 [14 Feb 1975] 05717/76 Heading C4P The invention comprises copper phthalocyanine dyes having the general Formula (I) wherein m has a mean value of at least 3, the sum (n+m) is not more than 16, CuPc is a copper phthalocyanine radical devoid of hydroxy groups attached to the phenylene nucleus thereof, X is chlorine or bromine, R is phenyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents which do not confer solubility in water, the groups R may be the same or different and if n is more than one, the groups X may be the same or different. The basic copper phthalocyanine has a very low solubility in water (0.009 mg/L) and in octanol (0.0004 mg/L). Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. The geometry optimization showed that the phthalocyanine moiety is completely symmetric and form, perfect square planar complex with zinc. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Figure6b shows the CuPcTs-coated and bare gold-coated QCM response to 0.15% RH exposure. The combination of these results strongly suggests that H2O adsorption on CuPcTs can be described in terms of two sequentially-occurring PFO reaction steps. Spectrophotometric-chemometrics study of the effect of solvent composition and temperature on the spectral shape and shift of copper and nickel phthalocyanines in different aqueous-nonaqueous mixed solvents. [12] Using such methods, approximately 57,000tonnes (63,000Imperial tons) of various phthalocyanines were produced in 1985. The presence of pinholes and large (10100nm diameter) interstitial spaces between grains result in high film porosity and surface area which allows for rapid H2O diffusion into the bulk film. Google Scholar. Adsorption at these sites does not lead to significant changes in optoelectronic properties of the film. Modification of the aromatic moiety with four sulfonic groups allows solubility of MPcs in water and other solvents, which greatly simplifies their deposition for catalysis5, photodynamic therapy6, photovoltaics (OPVs)7, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs)8. [35], CuPc crystallizes in various forms (polymorphs). Probing Molecular-Scale Catalytic Interactions between Oxygen and Cobalt Phthalocyanine Using Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical The value of R1 corresponds to the film resistance and changes insignificantly. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 34, 735742 (2000). performed spectroscopic ellipsometry experiments and modelling. Five different polymorphs have been identified:[36][37][38][39] phases , , , and . At low RH, the films dielectric response to H2O adsorption is weak, since delocalization of -electrons in the phthalocyanine ring allows high electronic polarizability and dielectric constant37. 74160. (b) H2O adsorption isotherm (black circles) fit with five different isotherm models. Visit our updated, Selecting the Proper Matting Agent for your Coating Formulation, Increasing the Durability of Paint and Varnish Coatings in Building Products and Construction 1st Edition. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region (ca. )4 ions are left with 4 charges. Copper phthalocyanine | C32H16CuN8 - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.For personal protection see section 8.Environmental precautionsNo special environmental precautions required.Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upSweep up and shovel. Delayed Triplet-State Formation through Hybrid Charge Transfer Exciton at Copper Phthalocyanine/GaAs Heterojunction. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Epub 2018 Jul 6. Solubility In Water Specific Gravity PH of % Aq. 1980;127:15061517. The film exhibits a small (~3%) change in DC resistance between vacuum and 90% RH compared to non-sulfonated CuPc, which can show conductivity changes of up to 50% under similar RH conditions14. Benten, H., Kudo, N., Ohkita, H. & Ito, S. Layer-by-layer deposition films of copper phthalocyanine derivative; their photoelectrochemical properties and application to solution-processed thin-film organic solar cells. perfect square planar complex with zinc. 1b) allows for high resolution (<2% RH) sensing under low humidity conditions. Investigation of optical and humidity-sensing properties of vanadyl phthalocyanine-derivative thin films. Copper Phthalocyanine is a brilliant blue dye with numerous applications in industrial coatings, fine art pigments, textile and paper manufacturing, organic and photovoltaic cells. and B.S. Bright color and strong coloring power. [11] Alternatively, heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc. Jarota, A., Brozek-Pluska, B., Czajkowski, W. & Abramczyk, H. Water confined in films of sulphonated phthalocyanines. Upon formation of H2O multilayers and merging of adjacent adsorbed H2O clusters, interactions between mobile Na+ ions, CuPc(SO3 13, 851 (1939). 3d). The excitation transfer from the singlet BODIPY to The kinetic study of energy transfer measured by monitoring the decay of the BODIPY emission, revealed fast energy transfer (5.90 1010 s-1) in the molecular pentad. Zeitschrift fr physik (. 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 8 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Length 2243 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream ( a ) Linearized form of pseudo-first order kinetics showing two, Humidity effect on optical properties. [17] The pigment is the highest volume pigment produced.[19]. If your information is correct and you are still not able to view the requested certificates, Please Photoinactivation of bacteria. The choice of the solvent is very important, as it plays a significant role in the generation of impurities. 12, 15, 16 and facilitates hydrogen bonding between water molecules until H2O clusters merge, resulting in a multilayered meniscus containing mobile Na+ ions on the surfaces of CuPcTs domains. Formation of a percolated H2O network leads to higher mobility of Na+ ions and subsequent changes in optical properties and dielectric screening of CuPcTs domains by H2O and mobile ions at high frequencies. The values of n (measured at 450 and 650nm) decrease slowly for RH<60% and drop sharply at RH>60%. New Insights on Electro-Optical Response of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Film to Humidity. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! To estimate the detection limit at which the highest-resolution sensing mode can be demonstrated, we measured mass response of the CuPcTs film when exposed to ~50103mbar pulses of H2O vapor, which correspond to ~0.15% RH. 4a). b8$B "/2y0b?C%-9#Q\X2iDaRh5rEZ@eZJ. Results indicate that the H2O-CuPcTs interaction can be described by two-step pseudo-first order kinetics. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Copper (atomic symbol: Cu, atomic number: 29) is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element with an atomic weight of 63.546. At ~60% RH (represented by dotted contour line), optical conductivity exhibits a sharp decrease due to the onset of dielectric screening of the CuPcTs domains by a water meniscus and hydrated ionic double layer structures32, 35, 36. The increased mobility facilitates the breakdown of electrical double layers and a resultant decrease in capacitance. 82, 1423 (2002). Gerd Lbbert "Phthalocyanines" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.In case of skin contactWash off with soap and plenty of water.In case of eye contactFlush eyes with water as a precaution.If swallowedNever give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. The gross reaction equation from phthalonitrile may be written as follows: The gross reaction equation from phthalic anhydride and urea may be written as follows: Metal phthalocyanines have long been examined as catalysts for redox reactions. Google Scholar. Figure2b shows \({k}_{1-1}\) (left axis) and \({k}_{1-2}\) (right axis) plotted as a function of vapor pressure. Red curve is exponential fit. Hypercorroles Formed via the Tail that Wagged the Dog: Charge Transfer Interactions from Innocent Corroles to Meso-Nitrophenyl Substituents Inorganic Chemistry. 1,3-Diiminoisoindolene, the intermediate formed during phthalocyanine manufacture, used in combination with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161. Submit a Request for Proposal (RFP) to suppliers of your choice with details on what you need with a click of a button. 1c) and showed no significant dependence on water vapor pressure, desorption kinetics were not analyzed in terms of PFO and PSO models. 4a bottom panel). 43, 2311 (2004). CuPc belongs to the D4h point group. -, Zagal J, Bindra P, Yeager E. A mechanistic study of O2 reduction on water soluble phthalocyanines adsorbed on graphite electrodes. ( a ) Wavelength-dependent extinction coefficient (k) (top, Humidity effect on electrical properties., Humidity effect on electrical properties. ADS Unsubstituted phthalocyanines strongly absorb light between 600 and 700nm, thus these materials are blue or green. A.H PbXW|u 7D0c2AGDA."`yp]K ah+Wr77t/7}KmM+bwqMNtYn%el_BjTt:+,.d]}UTZg:# (d) Top panel: comparison of Site-2 occupancy (\({\theta }_{2}\)) as estimated from pseudo-first order kinetic and double exponential models. (ca. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Internet Explorer). 57, 439449 (2012). The LD50 (rats, oral) is 10g/kg.[12]. Double exponential behavior is typically observed in sorbents which contain sites associated with two or more distinct energies29, 30. The Temkin model is particularly well-suited for predicting gas phase equilibrium with surfaces that contain a distribution of binding energies and explicitly accounts for adsorbate-adsorbate interactions by acknowledging that the heat of adsorption decreases linearly with adsorbate coverage27, 28. Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4,4'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. and K.V. Thin Solid Films Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were acquired using an NT-MDT NTEGRA Spectra microscope. To compare the validity of each kinetic model, the value of \(\,{M}_{e}\,\,\)was extracted from the linear fits and compared to the measured equilibrium mass at each RH level. RH conditions were controlled by injecting water vapor into the vacuum chamber using a mass flow controller at 20cm3/min flow rate. Finally, we demonstrate the value of using a multi-modal approach for understanding mechanisms of sensing and referencing optical and electrical changes to the mass of adsorbed water on the surface of the sensor, as well as identification of the most sensitive detection modes for analyte identification. 1 represents 2 distinct sequentially-occurring PFO reactions. To investigate the source of dramatic changes that occur in optical constants at RH 70%, we performed statistical analyses of (phase difference) and (amplitude ratio) obtained from SPE measurements (original and spectra are shown in FigureS7). The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus," as the Mediterranean island of Cyprus was known as an ancient source of mined copper.. See more Nitrogen products. Temkin and double exponential models achieve r2>0.998 and best represent the measured H2O adsorption isotherm. *Density for the .beta. Difficulty was experienced in forming stable dispersions with the first alpha forms, especially in mixtures with rutile titanium, where the blue pigment tended to flocculate. We used 1/R as a measure of electrical conductivity, where R is the DC resistance. Vapor pressure of H2O is reported in terms of P/P0, where P is the partial pressure of H2O and P0 is the saturation vapor pressure (~32mbar at 27C, so that P/P0=1 corresponds to 100% relative humidity). Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells using a low temperature processed TiO. The Chemical Record The results suggest that rapid H2O adsorption takes place at hydrophilic sulfonyl/salt groups on domain surfaces at low RH, while slow adsorption and diffusion of H2O into CuPcTs crystallites leads to a mixed CuPcTs-H2O phase at RH>60%, resulting in high frequency dielectric screening of the film by water and dissociation of Na+ from CuPc(SO3 Interested in participating in our Sponsored Content section? Sorry for the inconvenience. Water saturation of the sulfonyl groups leads to dissociation of Na+ ions from SO3 & Torres, T. Phthalocyanines: from outstanding electronic properties to emerging applications. Due to its stability, phthalo blue is also used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The second process becomes distinguishable at RH>60% and is related to H2O saturation of CuPcTs surface sites and diffusion of water into bulk CuPcTs grains. View the history of American Elements on Wikipedia, Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing Materials, Thin Film Deposition & Evaporation Materials, Explore Life Science & Organic Chemistry Products, Discover New Opportunities at Ultra High Purity, Question? wrote the manuscript with contributions from N.L. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. Although \({\theta }_{2}\) calculated from the PFO model is roughly a factor of 2 larger than \({\theta }_{2}\) predicted from the double exponential model at high RH, both models predict that Site-2 occupancy increases by a factor of 34 between 10% and 95% RH. Phthalocyanine (.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}H2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C8H4N2)4H2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity. Chemical Engineering Journal The formation of this phase and its effects on the film are reversible upon exposure to vacuum. Capacitance response exhibits the lowest sensitivity (~10% RH) at P/P0<0.2 as a result of low SNR. [7] In 1927, Swiss researchers serendipitously discovered copper phthalocyanine, copper naphthalocyanine, and copper octamethylphthalocyanine in an attempted conversion of o-dibromobenzene into phthalonitrile. Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. Effects of humidity on the electrical properties of thermal inkjet-printed films of copper tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CuTsPc) onto paper substrates. Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. Use of a cationic water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine to photoinactivate both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been suggested for data storage in quantum computing, due to the length of time its electrons can remain in superposition. Reaction models show that H2O undergoes 2-site adsorption which can be represented by a pair of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions. Both R1 and R2 undergo slight changes at RH 57% (FigureS10). Microsolvation of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the optical line shape at electronic origin. A molecular pentad, comprised of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with four boron dipyrromethene units (BODIPY) have been All measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines , 19 , 261-, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Energy-transfer studies on phthalocyanineBODIPY light, harvesting pentad by laser flash photolysis, Journal of, A molecular pentad, comprised of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with four boron dipyrromethene units (BODIPY) have been, examined by femtosecond and nanosecond laser flash photolysis to explore its photoinduced intramolecular events from the, excited BODIPY. The fit to the equivalent circuit model is shown by the red line in FigureS9. Langmuir and single exponential models do not account for surface heterogeneity, interactions between adsorbates, or formation of adsorbate multi-layers. Excludes regulated items and items that ship on ice. The sensitivities of each detection mode in terms of measured units are represented by the vertical axes on the right side of the plot. A Nyquist plot of imaginary vs. real impedance (black points, FigureS9) shows a suppressed single semi-circle, suggesting that a modified Randles equivalent circuit model is appropriate for fitting (inset in Fig. Figure3a shows extinction coefficient (k) (top panel) and index of refraction (n) (bottom panel) as a function of wavelength () at different RH levels. 2018 Jul 10;8(44):24836-24846. doi: 10.1039/c8ra03993c. Muckley ES, Naguib M, Wang HW, Vlcek L, Osti NC, Sacci RL, Sang X, Unocic RR, Xie Y, Tyagi M, Mamontov E, Page KL, Kent PRC, Nanda J, Ivanov IN. Application Of particular interest among sulfonated MPcs is copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) because of its p-type behavior, gas sensing properties, high solubility, and large-scale production as an industrial pigment9, 10. Before initiating SPE measurements, the CuPcTs film was exposed to 3% RH for 3hours. Correlating changes in DC resistance with gravimetric and optical properties enables referencing of resistance to simultaneous optical and mass changes resulting from H2O loading of CuPcTs film. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) To further investigate electrical response of CuPcTs, EIS was performed to study dielectric properties of the CuPcTs film in the 1Hz 8MHz frequency range during exposure to H2O. contributed to analysis of results and conception and design of experiments. Phys. RH levels inside the flow cell were controlled using an L&C Science RH-200 humidity generator and measured with an additional humidity probe at the outlet of the flow cell. 1997-2023 American Elements. The kinetic study of energy transfer measured by monitoring the decay of the BODIPY emission Error bars correspond to uncertainty in R/R0 due to low signal to noise ratio. -, Bamsey NM, et al. The observed changes are likely related to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs film by dipolar water32, 35, 36. excited BODIPY. In 1937, DuPont started producing copper phthalocyanine blue in the USA under the trade name Monastral Blue after it had been previously launched in Great Britain (ICI) and Germany (I.G. The copper atom has a radius of 128 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. Items from Japan stock are able to ship from a US warehouse within 2 weeks. , CU-PCIN-05-P, Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development, Supplier details:American Elements10884 Weyburn Ave.Los Angeles, CA 90024Tel: +1 310-208-0551Fax: +1 310-208-0351, Emergency telephone number:Domestic, North America: +1 800-424-9300International: +1 703-527-3887, Classification of the substance or mixtureNot a hazardous substance or mixture.GHS Label elements, including precautionary statementsNot a hazardous substance or mixture.Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) or not covered by GHS - none, SubstancesSynonyms : Phthalocyanine bluePigment Blue 15CuPcFormula : C32H16CuN8Molecular weight : 576.07 g/molCAS-No. [19][20][21] Phthalocyanine is also used on some recordable DVDs. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials Vol. The PFO rate equation then becomes \(\,d{M}_{ad}/dt=\,{k}_{1}[{M}_{e}-{M}_{t}]\). [13] Modification of the substituents attached to the peripheral rings allows for the tuning of the absorption and emission properties of Pc to yield differently colored dyes and pigments. There are many derivatives of the parent phthalocyanine, where either carbon atoms of the macrocycle are exchanged for nitrogen atoms or the peripheral hydrogen atoms are substituted by functional groups like halogens, hydroxyl, amine, alkyl, aryl, thiol, alkoxy and nitrosyl groups. An official website of the United States government. Ask an American Elements Materials Science Engineer, Copper(II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine, Copper(II) Phthalocyanine-Tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt, Copper Phthalocyanine-3,4',4",4"'-tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt, Copper(II) Tetrakis(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalocyanine, 2,3,9,10,16,17-Hexachlorinated Boron Subphthalocyanine Chloride, Publish your research on the American Elements website, Case Studies of selected key technologies invented or co-invented by American Elements in just the 1st two decades of this century, C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=NC4=NC(=NC5=NC(=NC6=NC(=NC2=N3)C7=CC=CC=C76)C8=CC=CC=C85)C9=CC=CC=C94.[Cu]. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2020 Feb 15;227:117621. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117621. the rising edge of the mass change becomes more rounded at higher pressures. Request PDF | Soluble Copper Phthalocyanine Applied for Organic Solar Cells | A soluble derivative of copper phthalocyanine, that is 2,9,16,23-tetra carboxyl copper phthalocyanine (CuTCPc), is . An anionic phthalocyanine decreases NRAS expression by breaking down its RNA G-quadruplex. Improvement of the photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cells using a reduced-graphene-oxide-modified titania layer and soluble copper phthalocyanine as a hole transporter. [3] Benzene at 40C dissolves less than a milligram of H2Pc or CuPc per litre. Chlorination or bromination introduces non-polar atoms so that the solubility is not altered in a manner that is favourable to systemic uptake. [18] Various MPcs have also shown the ability to form nanostructures which have potential applications in electronics and biosensing. Would you like email updates of new search results? Red lines indicate examples of double exponential fits. @4TG&Io *TCI frequently reviews storage conditions to optimize them. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and double exponential fits were used to model kinetics of H2O adsorption on CuPcTs film. A LabVIEW program was used to control the H2O flow and record resistivity of the film and frequency shift of the QCM during the experiment. Figure4a shows relative changes in the DC resistance (R/R0) as RH is increased. [17] The abbreviation "CuPc" is also used.[18]. The quaternary ammonium salts of these sulfonic acids are used as solvent dyes because of their solubility in organic solvents, such as Solvent Blue 38 and Solvent Blue 48.

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